| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 108.3

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| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 108.3 | The History Cooperative

Book Review

Europe: Early Modern and Modern

Brigitte Journeau. Église et état en Espagne au XIX^e siècle: Les enjeux du concordat de 1851. (Histoire et civilizations.) Hexham: Septentrion. 2002. Pp. 486. €27.44.

In 1851, the conservative liberal government of the Moderate Party and Pope Pius IX concluded an agreement that would govern civil-ecclesiastical relations in Spain until 1931, save for two brief periods. Vestiges of it appeared in the 1953 papal concordat with the Franco regime and even in the diplomatic agreements of 1979 between the government of democratic Spain and the Holy See. This solidly researched study, based on Spanish, Vatican, and French archives as well as the Spanish press of the day, is a definitive treatment not only of the concordat and its terms but also of the development of church-state relations in Spain between 1850 and 1860. 1

For both the papacy and the government of the Moderates, the concordat offered the prospect of stability in civil-ecclesiastical relations that had been deeply troubled since the triumph of liberalism over absolute monarchy in 1834. The suppression of the regular clergy and the sale of its property during the mid-1830s and a drastic reform of the tithe supporting the secular clergy at the end of the decade left the church in a precarious financial position. The Espartero Regency(1840–1843), dominated by the Progressive Party, put the property of the diocesan clergy on the block and proposed a radical organizational reform of dioceses and parishes aimed at creating a national church subject to the pope only in ceremonial terms. Following the revolution of 1843, successive Moderate governments sought to reach an agreement with the papacy recognizing the property rights of purchasers of church lands. For his part, Pius IX saw an opportunity to bring to an end years of turbulence in civil-ecclesiastical relations that had left the church impoverished and its clergy in disarray. . . .

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