| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 107.5

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| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 107.5 | The History Cooperative

Book Review

Canada and the United States

Sandra F. VanBurkleo. "Belonging to the World": Women's Rights and American Constitutional Culture. (Bicentennial Essays on the Bill of Rights.) New York: Oxford University Press. 2001. Pp. xix, 409. $24.95.

Sandra F. VanBurkleo executes brilliantly the difficult task of synthesizing the history of women's quest for liberty in the United States. Focusing on women's agency, she discusses activities usually ignored by scholars who confine constitutional history to case law and doctrinal developments. Detailing the progress of women through social action and legal developments, she documents successes in voting, reproductive freedom, higher wages, and more educational access. The book addresses persistent problems: the wage gap, the absence of comparable worth, occupational segregation, and the reigning male imperative for women who enter jobs for the first time. It also traces the feminization and racialization of poverty and a continued pattern of socialization that reinforces the gender differences underlying disparities. VanBurkleo reminds us that despite the Nineteenth Amendment and assorted supreme court rulings, women are still second-class citizens and absent from basic constitutional texts. 1

The book uses the concepts of settlement and speech community as an interpretive framework. Settlement describes the legal developments that occur after a constitutional crisis. Speech community describes how citizenship and participation in a shared political culture extends beyond the state in a formal sense. Speech communities shared goals, fellowship, and the belief that through speech they could transform individuals as well as the republic. Speech communities tried to resolve social conflicts through voting. . . .

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