| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 107.4

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| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 107.4 | The History Cooperative

Book Review

Europe: Early Modern and Modern

Jan Erik Schulte. Zwangsarbeit und Vernichtung: Das Wirtschaftsimperium der SS; Oswald Pohl und das SS-Wirtschafts-Verwaltungshauptamt 1933–1945. Foreword by Hans Mommsen. Paderborn: Ferdinand Schöningh. 2001. Pp. xii, 550. DM 78.00.

Jan Erik Schulte offers the first complete study of the SS-Economic and Administrative Main Office (WVHA), its chief, Oswald Pohl, and their place in Heinrich Himmler's vast eastern settlement plan and concentration camp system. Schulte acknowledges that research on this topic is already well advanced but has largely focused on particular aspects. To build his more comprehensive picture, he exploits that extensive body of German and English-language literature focused on the concentration camps, forced labor, SS industrial undertakings, and the Waffen-SS. To complete the picture, Schulte exploited the relevant holdings of German federal, land, and institutional archives, including SS personal records from the former Berlin Document Center and the trial records of Pohl and his WVHA officers. He also tapped archives in Poland, Czechoslovakia, the Baltic States, Russia, and the Netherlands, as well as the increasingly comprehensive holdings of the U. S. Holocaust Memorial Museum. One cannot suggest a source he has missed in his effort to fill the many holes left by the end-of-war destruction of WVHA records. 1

In terms of new coverage, Schulte narrates the role of SS administration in the prewar formation of the armed SS units and provides a more complete analysis of its role in the management and expansion of the concentration camp system and the use of its internees in SS enterprises in the war economy. More importantly, he examines its role in the crucial period of 1941–1942 to the development and planning of Nazi imperialism in the east, specifically the ethnic cleansing and settlement programs. These, plus the filling of numerous little holes in the story, provide a full picture of the SS administrative and economic organization and its place in the Nazi regime. . . .

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