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Book Review
Europe: Early Modern and Modern
Daniel Bourgeois. Das Geschäft mit Hitlerdeutsch-land: Schweizer Wirtschaft und Drittes Reich. Translated by Birgit Althaler. Zurich: Rotpunktverlag. 2000. Pp. 297.
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In recent years, the role of Switzerland and the Swiss in World War II has come under intense, often hostile scrutiny. In large part, it has been voices from outside Switzerland that have raised these charges, most powerfully in the form of the Eizenstat Report issued by the U.S. State Department in 1997. This report accused Switzerland of profiting from lucrative financial relations with Nazi Germany while helping to prolong the most costly war in human history. Criticism of Swiss policy has, however, never been confined to outsiders. In the 1950s and 1960s, a number of official commissions investigated particularly embarrassing issues, including the conduct of refugee policy. The late 1960s also saw the emergence of a revisionist brand of academic scholarship that challenged the comfortable myths of Switzerland's proud neutrality, liberalism, and humanitarianism. In 1997, the Federal Council created the Bergier Commission, a team of Swiss and Anglo-American experts, to provide a comprehensive evaluation of Switzerland's entanglement with Nazi Germany. Among the investigators who contributed to the Bergier Commission's work was Daniel Bourgeois, a French-Swiss historian attached to the federal archive in Bern. The work under review brings together a selection of his essays spanning almost three decades. They reveal Bourgeois to have been one of the pioneers who opened the path toward a more critical view of Swiss history. |
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