| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 107.2

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| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 107.2 | The History Cooperative

Book Review

Comparative/World

M. Cristina Zaccarini. The Sino-American Friendship as Tradition and Challenge: Dr. Ailie Gale in China, 1908–1950. Bethlehem: Lehigh University Press. 2001. Pp. 228. $41.50.

Academic authors increasingly cannot rely on good copyediting by publishers. This unfortunate development is evident in M. Cristina Zaccarini's oddly titled book. Ailie Gale was an American doctor attached (by marriage) to the Methodist Episcopal mission in China; she was not technically a missionary herself. Gale was in China during tumultuous years for foreign missionaries and maintained a voluminous correspondence with home supporters of missions. This correspondence forms the basis for Zaccarini's book. 1

Zaccarini proposes two primary arguments, both of which are problematic. Her first argument is that women missionaries represented an alternative both to feminism and to domesticity. She notes that "many women spoke in a language which advocated an increased role for women, justified by piety" (p. 16). She calls this "empowerment-through-piety," or "cultivation-through-piety." Zaccarini asserts that "secular feminist scholars" have ignored this phenomenon "due [to their] need to maintain practical categories of analysis" (p. 15). Leaving aside the troublesome appellation "secular feminists," this claim flies in the face of fifteen years of historiography. Women's historians have long been aware that many nineteenth and twentieth-century women used religious piety as their justification for work and activism outside the home while specifically eschewing feminism. . . .

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