| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 107.1

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| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 107.1 | The History Cooperative

Book Review

Canada and the United States

Ruth Wallis Herndon. Unwelcome Americans: Living on the Margin in Early New England. (Early American Studies). Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. 2001. Pp. xi, 243. Cloth $49.95, paper $18.95.

Sarah Gardner should have left faint footprints upon the eighteenth-century landscape. As a single mother, Gardner resided beyond the pale of respectable society, rearing twelve children without benefit of legal marriage; as a Native American, she inhabited the margins of white society, the descendent of a once numerous, indigenous people now reduced in size and circumstance. Gardner would appear an unlikely candidate for the record books, her status too shadowy to furnish a document trail. And yet, as Ruth Wallis Herndon shows, appearances can be deceiving, since poor people such as Gardner commanded attention in early Rhode Island. Providence town officials considered Gardner an unwanted presence, ordered her removed on five occasions, and threatened physical punishment if she disobeyed. Hauled before local authorities, Gardner and her children left a noticeable imprint on the records, a scenario that other destitute individuals would repeat. . . .

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