| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 106.4

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| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 106.4 | The History Cooperative

Book Review

Canada and the United States

Howell John Harris. Bloodless Victories: The Rise and Fall of the Open Shop in the Philadelphia Metal Trades, 1890–1940. New York: Cambridge University Press. 2000. Pp. xvii, 456. $49.95.

Howell John Harris won the Taft Prize in Labor History for his influential 1982 book The Right to Manage: Industrial Relations Policies of American Business in the 1940s. In that book, he followed a dialectic of World War II managerial ideologies where a fierce anti-union, anti-New Deal outlook warred with a business-class progressivism, eventually resulting in a triumphant synthesis of business realism by the late 1940s. This book is a narrower study in place and focus but much broader in its time frame, as it traces the roots of these same business-class ideologies from the beginning of the twentieth century through the New Deal. Harris focuses on the Metal Manufacturers Association of Philadelphia (MMA), a group of small and mid-size fabricating firms founded in 1903 for the sole purpose of reversing the initial successes of craft union organizing at the turn of the century. 1

We learn rather more than we want to know about the MMA and Philadelphia in these pages, but Harris convincingly shows that the MMA was typical of other local trade associations, both in each of the subperiods covered here and in the overall trajectory from 1900 to 1940. He also shows that Philadelphia, the third largest city in a very eastern-centric U.S., was an industrial power center that both reflected and led the manufacturing core of the national business class. . . .

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