| Book Review | The American Historical Review, .

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Book Review

Comparative/World

Elisabeth W. Sommer. Serving Two Masters: Moravian Brethren in Germany and North Carolina, 1727–1801. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky. 2000. Pp. xvii, 234.

What do the backcountry of eighteenth-century North Carolina and the culture of the early Enlightenment era in Central Europe have in common? Intriguingly, such divergent forces as a frontier society and an intellectual movement that wrought havoc with the traditional beliefs and practices of a young Protestant body, the Moravian Brethren. Although committed to a culture-transcending purity, both settlements registered the impact of their surroundings. 1

The Moravian Brethren arose under the leadership of Count Nikolaus Ludwig von Zinzendorf in eastern Saxony in the 1720s. Their calling was to establish a "simple, Christlike pattern of life." These pietists felt so close to the spiritual Christ that they thought and spoke of him as being right there with them in their common life. This spiritual sense was their defining mark, rather than any doctrinal distinctiveness. They relied on divine direction for making all choices, most dramatically through the use of the lot. They heeded Christ's call to live separate from their neighbors, forming their own spiritual, economic, organizational Gemeinen. They were not classic sectarians, however. . . .

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