| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 106.1

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| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 106.1 | The History Cooperative

Book Review

Canada and the United States

Kenneth J. Heineman. A Catholic New Deal: Religon and Reform in Depression Pittsburgh. University Park: Pennslyvania State University Press. 1999. Pp. xv, 287. Cloth $60.00, paper $22.50.

American Catholicism has always been a haven for the working class. In fact, the vast majority of Catholic bishops and priests in this country have come from working-class homes and knew well how hard it could be to feed, clothe, and shelter a large family. It was logical, therefore, that the Catholic Church in this country would champion programs to improve the working conditions of its flock. At no time did the church face a greater challenge in this effort than during the Great Depression. A third of the nation was out of work and millions of these workers were Catholic. What did the church do to relieve the suffering? In this impressive new study, Kenneth J. Heineman reports on what the church did in Pittsburgh, a city dominated by big steel and ethnic Catholicism. 1

Heineman carefully discerns the religious roots of labor activism in Pittsburgh. Indeed, he presents a persuasive case that no steel workers union would have been possible without the work of determined Catholic priests such as James Cox, Carl Hensler, and Charles Owen Rice, among others. With the quiet support of Bishop Hugh Boyle, these priests challenged industrial leaders to follow the call of the great papal encyclicals, The Condition of Labor (1891) and After Forty Years (1931). . . .

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