| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 105.2

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| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 105.2 | The History Cooperative

Book Review

Canada and the United States

Nancy Shoemaker. American Indian Population Recovery in the Twentieth Century. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. 1999. Pp. xiii, 156. $39.95.

To many observers in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, American Indians constituted a "vanishing race"—incapable of civilization, unwilling to accept assimilation, and thus doomed to inevitable extinction. In 1900, census takers counted only 237,000 American Indians, a demographic nadir wrought by centuries of intertribal warfare, climactic change, disease, and forced removal. While much scholarly research has concentrated on the various causes of what has been called an Indian "holocaust," Nancy Shoemaker's provocative study examines the causes and consequences of the remarkable demographic recovery that occurred in the twentieth century, breaking new ground in an area that has largely been ignored by scholars of contemporary Indian history. 1

Applying quantitative methodology to U.S. Census data and Public Use Samples, Shoemaker concentrates on five tribes (the Senecas, Cherokees, Ojibways, Yakamas, and Navajos), peoples with diverse cultures, economies, and histories. It comes as no surprise, therefore, that Indian demographic recovery was not uniform—a theme that Shoemaker is careful to reiterate throughout the study. . . .

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