| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 104.3

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| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 104.3 | The History Cooperative

Book Review

Canada and the United States

Ronald L. Lewis. Transforming the Appalachian Countryside: Railroads, Deforestation, and Social Change in West Virginia, 1880–1920. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. 1998. Pp. xv, 348.

Ronald L. Lewis's work is the most important recent book on Appalachian society. Lewis uses West Virginia, the only completely Appalachian state, as a microcosm for the entire region. The timber industry is his agent of change; the rapid deforestation that came with the railroads and sawmill towns destroyed a traditional agricultural backcountry society based on forest fallowing and free-range stock raising. In its place, the mill towns offered markets for local farmers willing and able to change to more intensive, more commercial agriculture, and industrial jobs for those who could not. The timber gone, the mills moved on, leaving behind polluted streams, cutover lands subject to floods and fires, displaced industrial workers, and farmers without the resources to compete in the markets to which they were now tied. . . .

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