| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 104.3

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| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 104.3 | The History Cooperative

Book Review

Canada and the United States

Patrick J. Kelly. Creating a National Home: Building the Veterans' Welfare State, 1860–1900. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. 1997. Pp. viii, 250. $37.50.

Patrick J. Kelly has written an excellent history of the origins and spread of the Civil War-era National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers (NHDVS). His book joins a growing list of monographs and articles on the history of veterans, their widows and dependents, and the public policy that emerged in response to their needs. These interdisciplinary studies, with which Kelly shows himself thoroughly familiar, are particularly concerned with how a gendered "warfare state" emerged in the postbellum United States, then grew and remained separate from the twentieth-century "welfare state." Rights and responsibilities in the warfare state stemmed from a higher form of "martial citizenship" in which the state made claims on men for military service and in return pledged lifetime support for those damaged in body and spirit by the war. This was the martial contract that became clear in the Civil War era. Rights and responsibilities in the welfare state and the notion of "social citizenship," by contrast, came much later, and more grudgingly. Kelly writes convincingly of the NHDVS as an example of how culture shaped notions of citizenship and the development of state policy. His history of the NHDVS shows how the congressional authorization of long-term care facilities for disabled Union soldiers and sailors emerged as a distinctly mid-Victorian system of "homes" in design so that by 1900, almost 100,000 Union veterans had spent some amount of time in one of the NHDVS's eight domiciliaries. . . .

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