| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 104.3

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| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 104.3 | The History Cooperative

Book Review

Asia

Manuel Sarkisyanz. Rizal and Republican Spain and Other Rizalist Essays. Manila: National Historical Institute. 1995. Pp. viii, 326.

In these somewhat uneven essays, Manuel Sarkisyanz vigorously argues that the most revered nationalist hero of the Philippines, José Rizal (1861–1896), was who he was because of an intellectual debt to nineteenth-century Spanish republicanism. As a "centennial" publication of the National Historical Institute of the Philippines, the volume, which commemorates Rizal's execution by Spain at the end of 1896, escapes irony by converting its praise for Spain into a condemnation of the Spain that killed Rizal. 1

The foundation of Rizal's thinking and of the reforms he sought from Spain, stresses Sarkisyanz, derived less from his family, culture, or Jesuit and Dominican teachers in Manila and more from his association with the politics and writings of Spanish intellectuals, among the most progressive thinkers and activists of their day in Europe. Anyone familiar with Rizal's life will not be surprised by this argument, despite the fact that, as the author correctly laments, this more appealing Spain, "Rizal's Spain," is underemphasized, even omitted, in many biographies and not given its due by many historians of the Philippines. These essays are intended to correct this failing, and, to emphasize the point, the book's cover displays the Philippine flag and Rizal's photo merging into the Spanish flag and the photo of Francisco Pi y Margall (1824–1901), "friend of Rizal," president of the short-lived Spanish Republic of 1873, and a strong advocate of autonomy for Spain's remaining colonies. In the context of "the intellectual in politics," Sarkisyanz contends that Rizal was to the Philippines what Pi y Margall was to Spain (pp. 193–94). . . .

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