| Book Review | The Journal of American History, 93.3

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| Book Review | The Journal of American History, 93.3 | The History Cooperative

Book Review

African Americans and the Color Line in Ohio, 1915–1930. By William W. Giffin. (Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 2005. viii, 312 pp. Cloth, $49.95, ISBN 0-8142-1003-1. CD-ROM, $9.95, ISBN 0-8142-9081-7.)
Thirty years ago, the historian David Gerber produced his state-level study, Black Ohio and the Color Line, 1860–1915 (1976). Despite Gerber's important study, few scholars of Ohio or the northern African American experience followed his lead and produced studies that adopted the state as the primary unit of analysis and carried the story forward into the era of the Great Migration. Building on the recently expanded scholarship on blacks in Ohio cities (particularly Cleveland, Cincinnati, and Columbus) as well as his own primary research, William W. Giffin extends the story of Black Ohio and the Color Line into the late 1910s and the 1920s.	1
Giffin also adopts Gerber's emphasis on the salience of the color line in his treatment of the African American experience. With the exception of expanding job opportunities in the industrial sector of the state's urban economy and having access to the franchise, Giffin notes that the black-white divide was widening in nearly every dimension of life in the state: housing, public accommodations, schools, churches, social welfare organizations, political parties, and places of leisure. Blacks in Ohio also confronted increasing neglect from their white allies in the Republican party, the spread of antiblack rhetoric, and rising threats of lynching and near lynching, race riots and near riots, and the proliferation of state and local chapters of the Ku Klux Klan.	. . .

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