| Book Review | Environmental History, 13.1

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| Book Review | Environmental History, 13.1 | The History Cooperative

Book Review

Unlikely Environmentalists: Congress and Clean Water, 1945–1972. By Paul Charles Milazzo. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2006. xii + 340 pp. Illustrations, notes, bibliography, and index. Cloth $29.95.

While most accounts take it for granted that the mass environmental movement of the late 1960s drove the creation of the modern American environmental state, Paul Milazzo's superb new study insists that several disparate streams—often uncharted by historians—fed into the river of modern environmental policy making. These streams included the postwar celebration of economic growth (dirty water threatened production), traditional distributive politics (grants for waste treatment plants were the pork that eased passage of the first postwar anti-pollution water laws), and the vogue for "systems analysis," which grew out of the military industrial complex but inspired a holistic ecological approach to pollution that greatly enhanced regulatory ambitions. Thus some of the least likely actors, including the Army Corps of Engineers and Senator Robert Kerr (R-OK), founder of the Kerr-McGee Oil Company, were the Unlikely Environmentalists who more than environmental interest groups erected the system that still keeps America's water (reasonably) clean.

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