| Book Review | Environmental History, 10.2

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| Book Review | Environmental History, 10.2 | The History Cooperative

Book Review

Creatures of Empire: How Domestic Animals Transformed Early America. America. By Virginia DeJohn Anderson. New York: Oxford University Press, 2004. xi + 322 pp. Illustrations, maps, notes, index. $37.50.
Readers interested in the broad sweep of environmental history will take their satisfaction from what is written between the lines of this book, rather than from the main narrative. The story Virginia DeJohn Anderson tells, and tells very ably, concerns the relations between Native Americans and English settlers in New England and the Chesapeake Bay region. She describes the important role disputes over domestic livestock played in the framing, and then worsening, of relations between these groups from the late sixteenth century down to the outbreak of King Philip's War in New England in 1675–1676, and parallel conflicts at the same time in Virginia.	1
The narrative rests on historical accounts detailing settler complaints about Native Americans killing or appropriating their cows and pigs, and Native American complaints that the settlers assumed that any domestic livestock they ran across was unquestionably their property. Underlying these disputes was an Enlightenment philosophical debate over the role of livestock ownership in defining the boundary between civil society and savagery, and speculation that the Native Americans would become civilized if they could be transformed into responsible herders and farmers.	. . .

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