| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 112.4

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| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 112.4 | The History Cooperative

Book Review

Oceania and the Pacific Islands

Warwick Anderson. The Cultivation of Whiteness: Science, Health, and Racial Destiny in Australia. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press. 2006. Pp. ix, 390. $23.95.
Warwick Anderson is a medical doctor and historian of science. This broad-ranging study builds on a considerable body of local research to produce the first comprehensive history of Australian medical and scientific ideas about race from the early nineteenth century to the 1940s. It is a work of major significance.	1
Anderson has written both an authoritative and prescient synthesis and a work of original research, utilizing the letters, journals, publications, and other surviving documentation of local medical practitioners and scientists. It is a work distinguished by command of its field and clarity of exposition. Parts of the study appeared in article form in the late 1990s, and the book was first published in Australia in 2002. In 2004 it was co-winner of the Australian Historical Association's W. K. Hancock Prize, awarded biennially for an outstanding first book. The version under review is the Duke University imprint, issued in 2006.	2
The book is in three sections, dealing with the "Temperate South," the "Northern Tropics," and "Aboriginal Australia." The analysis deals with changing paradigms of medical and scientific knowledge, ranging from ideas of rapid biological and genetic adaptation, the germ theory of contagion, and ideas of racial fixity, evolution, and eugenics. Anderson documents the development of the concept of colored races as incubators and transmitters of disease, the thinking that opposed typologies of "white against colored, purity against danger, health against disease" and informed the quarantine mentality of the "White Australia" policy enacted in the first decade of the twentieth century.	. . .

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