| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 112.2

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| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 112.2 | The History Cooperative

Paul D. Moreno. Black Americans and Organized Labor: A New History. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press. 2006. Pp. xii, 334. $49.95.
In this book, Paul D. Moreno, author of a previous history of affirmative action and employment law, explains how white workers and trade unions restricted opportunities for African American workers in the labor market from the antebellum era to the twenty-first century. Moreno uses neo-classical economic theory to make his case. He asserts that a free market seeks the most efficient and economical use of the labor. As rational and calculating individuals, employers prefer to hire workers without preference as to race, ethnicity, or gender. Unions, by contrast, control and reduce the supply of labor, raising its cost; unions thus regulate the supply of labor by restricting entry on the basis of race or gender. Moreno focuses on how unions denied membership and job opportunities to African Americans.	1
Because a majority of white workers remained outside the union movement, they used their political power to obtain public policies that legitimated discrimination in labor markets. Moreno maintains that trade unions and public policies that benefit them not only discriminate against African Americans, but that they harm all citizens, including union members who win short-term gains at the cost of longer-term employment opportunities.	. . .

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