| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 112.2

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| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 112.2 | The History Cooperative

Book Review

Canada and the United States

Louise W. Knight. Citizen: Jane Addams and the Struggle for Democracy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 2005. Pp. xvi, 582. $35.00.
Well over a century has passed since Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr moved into the Halstead Street location that became Hull House, and yet few women in American history can boast Addams's name recognition. Louise W. Knight has written what she refers to as a half biography—her study covers the period from Addams's birth in 1860 to 1899, when Addams was poised to begin the truly national part of her career. Knight's division of her work into two parts—"The Life Given" and "The Life Chosen"—illuminates what for Knight is the major question of Addams's career: how did Addams evolve from her traditional upper-middle-class upbringing into a pragmatic ethicist? According to the author, this transformation "illustrates what bears remembering and what she often stressed in her later writings: we are not born citizens, we must become them by means of experience" (p. 5). As the book's title indicates, Knight sets out to map Addams's journey to citizenship.	1
While much of the information in this book is familiar, Knight succeeds in refocusing our attention especially in terms of Addams's intellectual and philosophical development. Knight emphasizes the role books and reading played in shaping her subject and notes that "Addams was aware of her debt to books" (p. 146). Leo Tolstoy's My Religion (1884) introduced Addams to the idea of nonviolence or "non-resistance" (p. 145). John Stuart Mill's The Subjection of Women (1869) and Tolstoy's What Then Shall We Do?(1886) altered her thinking about women. Richard Ely, Edward Bellamy, and William T. Stead helped Addams to redefine her attitudes toward the working class. Addams constantly questioned her own thinking and scrutinized her reactions.	. . .

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