| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 111.2

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| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 111.2 | The History Cooperative

Book Review

Canada and the United States

William P. Jones. The Tribe of Black Ulysses: African American Lumber Workers in the Jim Crow South. (The Working Class in American History.) Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press. 2005. Pp. xv, 235. Cloth $45.00, paper $20.00.

So much attention has been paid to the half million or so African Americans who abandoned the South during World War I's "Great Migration" that few historians have concerned themselves with the vast majority of black southerners who stayed behind. As historians debate whether African American migrants left in search of economic opportunities or in protest against lynching and segregation, it has been easy to assume that those who remained lacked the energy or the work ethnic required to get out. Indeed, as William P. Jones argues, until very recently academics uncritically accepted the notion that black southerners were "incompatible with modernity." He traces this presumption back to the influential early twentieth-century sociologist Howard Odum, whose Black Ulysses novels presented southern black workers as footloose, profligate spendthrifts who rejected marriage, morality, and the discipline required to make money in an industrial society. Jones's excellent study of black workers in the lumber industry, which he reveals was the largest employer of African American workers in the twentieth-century South, persuasively refutes these lasting characterizations.

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