The Booker T. Washington Papers, Vol.8, page xxiv, in Introduction, U. of Illinois Press

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The BOOKER T. WASHINGTON Papers Race cried aborning because Washington packed its membership, Du Bois in egos launched the Niagara Movement to promote civil rights and black advancement. Washington's response was to spy on and infiltrate its meetings, and to use his power and influence to thwart both the organization and its individual members. Washington and Emmett Scott became so busy managing the Tuskegee Machine that Washington employed a ghostwriter, the white journalist and later University of Chicago professor Robert E. Park, to write the more general books and articles signed by Washington. The story of Tuskegee Institute figures less prominently in this volume even though important events in the school's history such as the celebration of its twenty-fifth anniversary are documented. Washington lost a close friend and adviser with the death of William H. Baldwin, Jr., a Tuskegee Institute board member. After Baidwin's death, however, Oswald Garrison Villard raised a Baldwin Memorial Fund for Tuskegee and aided Washington's secret civil rights efforts, thus preserving the neo-abolitionist connection with Tuskegee. The school easily weathered the furor caused by a scurrilous booklet written by a local white man charging sexual misconduct on the campus. Ex-students continued to go into the South as teachers and workers, and four went to the Sudan to take part in a cotton-growing experiment. Washington's influence on philanthropic aid to black schools was enhanced in 1905 by the first gifts to southern rural black schools by Anna T. Jeanes. He also was instrumental in the securing of Carnegie libraries by Fisk, Livingstone, and Wiley univer. sidles. Among the honors that came to Washington in this period were the vice-presidency of the American Peace Society and election as an honorary member of Phi Beta Kappa at Harvard. A different sort of notoriety, however, followed his entertainment at dinner in a Saratoga, New York, hotel by the millionaire John Wanamaker and his daughter. The Wanamaker dinner revived memories of the White House dinner and produced similar denunciations. These were so vehement that Washington hired a Pinkerton cletective to guard him on his return to Tuskegee and a few weeks later on the occasion of President Roosevelt's visit to the institute. Washington was also criticized by blacks and liberal whites for unnecesXX1V