The Booker T. Washington Papers, Vol.7, page xxii, in Introduction, U. of Illinois Press

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The BOOKER T. WASHINGTON Papers tenants toward Trotter drove Du Bois into outright opposition to the Tuskegean. Faced with these black opponents who waved the banner of social justice and accused him of betrayal, Washington publicly ignored them but privately maneuvered against them. One of his methods was espionage. Melvin J. Chisum of New York, his paid spy, infiltrated the Trotter organization and gave Washington prior warning of the plans for disrupting another Washington meeting, possibly even acting as provocateur of the disturbance. A Boston lawyer, Clifford H. Plummer, also spied on Trotter and foiled his plans to embarrass the Tuskegean at the time of a banquet in Washington's honor in Cambridge. His friends in Boston, meanwhile, pushed the case against Trotter in the courts, and his lawyer, Wilford H. Smith, persuaded a black Yale student to sue Trotter and his co-editor for libel, and Washington secretly subsidized another Boston black newspaper to compete with Trotter's Boston Guardian. Washington also secretly subsidized other newspapers and journalists and through his secretary and ghost-writers made Tuskegee a center of pro-Washington propaganda. When a new magazine, The Voice of the Negro, was founded in ~ 903, Washington installed Emmett Scott as an associate editor. In an effort in January 1909 to come to terms with his critics, Washington called a secret conference of leading Afro-Americans at Carnegie Hall in New York City. Washington could not resist the urge to stack the conference in his favor and also the Committee of Twelve for the Advancement of the Negro Race which grew out of it. Du Bois resigned from the Committee of Twelve, which confined its efforts to issuing pamphlets on the race problem instead of becoming the major force for black unity that it was intended to be. Washington continued to advise President Theodore Roosevelt on political appointments in the South. He also worked to destroy the power of the lily-white Republicans over the party machinery in the southern states and was partially successful in this endeavor, although lily-whitism remained a force in Louisiana, Texas, and several other southern states after the presidential election of 1904. The appointment of William D. Crum as collector of customs at Charleston, S.C., dragged on for years and became a cause celebre for Washington. Racial politics prevented senatorial approval of · . XX11