The Booker T. Washington Papers, Vol.5, page 71, Apr. 1899, U. of Illinois Press

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APRIL 1 899 any reason why the Negro in the South should continue to oppose the Southern white man in his politics? Is not this the source of nearly all our trouble? Unconsciously we seem to have gotten the idea into our blood and bones that we are only acting in a manly way when we oppose Southern white mend tBooker T. Washington] TLf Con. ~54 BTW Papers DLC. The first paragraph was penciled out in this draft. ~ James Edward Shepard was later a leading North Carolina black educator. Born at Raleigh, N.C., in 1875, he graduated from Shaw University in 1894. After a minor position in the recorder of deeds office in Washington in 1899, Shepard was deputy internal revenue collector at Raleigh from Too to 1906. Long interested in the better training of black ministers, Shepard in To founded the National Religious Training School and Chautauqua in Durham, N.C., of which he was president from its founding until 1947. The school is now North Carolina Central University. 2 Aaron Burtis Hunter was the principal of St. Augustine School (later College), an Episcopal school for blacks in Raleigh, N.C. Born in Philadelphia in 1854, he was a graduate of Amherst and of Union Theological Seminary. Though he conceded the need for liberal arts study, Hunter gradually introduced bricklaying, stone masonry, and other industrial subjects patterned after the Hampton Institute curriculum. In 1898 he was one of the founders of the Capon Springs Conference for Christian Education in the South, and served as its secretary-treasurer. Edgar Dean Crumpacker (~8s~-~g~o), an Indiana Republican congressman, revived the idea of the Lodge Force Bill of 1890, which sought to reduce the representation in Congress of southern states denying suffrage rights on account of race. The movement, known as Crumpackerism, was opposed by BTW and Fortune from the beginning. (Crumpacker to BTW, Nov. 7, 1899, Con. ~5~, Fortune to BTW, Nov. 20, 1898, Con. ~53, Feb. So, Too, Con. ale, BTW Papers, DLC.) When the conservative Supreme Court failed to act against the disfranchisement provisions of southern state constitutions, however, public pressure for congressional action mounted. In 1904 the more militant blaclc delegates slipped past BTW and the Roosevelt lieutenants a plank in the Republican platform favoring the reduction of representation, but Roosevelt's refusal to endorse it, on BTW's advice, caused the plank to become a dead letter. (Merrill and Merrill, Republican Command, ~5, ~76, 183.) 4 Fortune apparently forwarded BTW's letter to the Associated Press. (See A Report of a Letter in the New Orleans Picayune, Apr. 9, 1899, below.) It also appeared in the New York World, Apr. As, 1899, 6. BTW later denied that this letter was for publication. (See To the Editor of the Chicago Tribune, Apr. lo, 1899, below.) 71